Can you briefly describe you and your work?
My name is Iyiola Oladunjoye, a microbiologist. I am currently pursuing my Erasmus master’s degree in the Leading International Vaccinology Education programme across five European universities in Spain, Belgium and France. I also serve as the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Young Ambassador to Nigeria, as well as being a member of the ASM Young Leaders Circle, an advisory board group. Additionally, I have been recently selected as a member of the ASM Microbiology Leaders Evolving and Accountable to Progress (MicroBio-LEAP) Task Force, aimed at contributing to diversity and inclusion in microbial sciences.
From a young age, I developed a deep fascination with the impact of infectious diseases on society, which led me to pursue a degree in microbiology at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, where I graduated with First Class Honours in 2018. Throughout my academic journey, I engaged in diverse internships in medical diagnostics and animal health, gaining valuable insights into global infectious disease threats spanning environmental health, food safety, zoonosis, and antimicrobial resistance. These experiences ignited my passion for advocating the One Health approach, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between environmental, animal, and human health sectors to effectively address these pressing issues.
Motivated by this advocacy, I have been actively involved in creating awareness and sensitising communities, particularly in schools and markets, about the significance of One Health principles. Additionally, I have conducted research to inform scientists, STEM professionals, and policymakers on the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration in combating global health threats. These endeavours have significantly influenced my career trajectory, and I gained extensive work experience in environmental microbiology and public health. These roles allowed me to apply my expertise across the three spectrums of environmental, animal, and human health, providing me with dynamic experiences in the field.
Furthermore, I am proud to hold an executive position at Rouleaux Foundation, where I contribute to promoting science literacy for sustainable development in the health, agriculture, and life sciences sectors through advocacy and research. So far, I have published over 30 scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals in my efforts to enhance public awareness and influence policy on antimicrobial resistance, and zoonotic infectious diseases particularly in the field of One Health.
How can Nigeria really harness the quality and benefits that microbiology education offers?
For Nigeria to truly harness the quality and benefits that microbiology education offers, several key challenges must be addressed. Firstly, the country needs to recognise the importance of investing in science, technology, and innovation, particularly in the field of microbiology. Insufficient funding has hindered the progress of STEM-related careers, including microbiology, thereby impeding the nation’s ability to address critical issues such as food safety, environmental degradation, and infectious diseases like COVID-19.
However, it is crucial to recognise that these perceived limitations are actually preventing individuals from fully understanding the vast prospects that microbiology offers. To bridge this gap, strategic mentorship programmes should be established to guide and nurture the next generation of microbiologists. By providing mentorship, aspiring microbiology students and recent graduates can gain a deeper understanding of the potential impact of their field and become equipped to tackle pressing global health threats through microbial sciences.
Ultimately, by addressing the funding gap, promoting research and development, and fostering strategic mentorship, Nigeria can unlock the true potential of microbiology education, empowering its workforce to contribute significantly to national and economic development while effectively addressing key societal challenges.
What would be your assessment of microbiology education and microbial sciences in Nigeria as of today?
As of today, the state of microbiology education and microbial sciences in Nigeria is still plagued by significant challenges. As I mentioned earlier, one of the primary issues is the insufficient funding and lack of institutional capacity dedicated to supporting and advancing the field.
For example, during the COVID-19, the lack of investment in research and development has prevented Nigeria from developing its own vaccines or therapeutics to combat diseases effectively. In addition, Nigeria suffers from recurrent outbreaks of infectious diseases such as Cholera and Lassa Fever. In fact, this year, Nigeria has been plagued with sporadic outbreaks of diphtheria, a vaccine-preventable disease. Although there are complex factors responsible for these challenges, these are active areas that require proper intervention by microbiology researchers. Additionally, the limited involvement of microbiologists in medical research within Nigerian hospitals has created barriers in microbiology practice, restricting opportunities for aspiring microbiology professionals to pursue meaningful careers in the field.
This not only highlights the need for enhanced financial support but also underscores the importance of building robust research infrastructure and fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration between life scientists and medical professionals working in the field of microbiology.
You’ve had quite a swell time working on the concept of One Health. In what ways can the country really boost overall public health for the true benefit of the people?
To truly boost overall public health in Nigeria for the genuine benefit of its people, the country must embark on a multifaceted approach that encompasses strengthening healthcare systems, improving disease surveillance and response capabilities, promoting health education and awareness, implementing preventive measures, fostering intersectoral collaboration, strengthening primary healthcare services, and addressing social and economic inequalities.
By investing in robust healthcare infrastructure, training and retaining skilled healthcare professionals, modernising disease surveillance systems, and establishing effective reporting mechanisms, Nigeria can swiftly detect and respond to public health threats. Simultaneously prioritising health education campaigns, disseminating accurate information, and empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their health will contribute to preventing diseases and promoting healthy behaviors.
By emphasising preventive measures such as vaccinations, good hygiene practices, and food safety regulations, Nigeria can proactively reduce disease burden. Moreover, fostering collaboration between different sectors, including health, agriculture, environment, education, and policy-making, will address the underlying factors that influence public health, ensuring a comprehensive and holistic approach. Strengthening primary healthcare facilities, deploying community health workers, and prioritising essential services will improve access to quality care for all, particularly in underserved communities. Finally, by addressing social and economic inequalities, including poverty, education, and gender disparities, Nigeria can create a more equitable society, where all individuals have equal opportunities for good health. Through these concerted efforts, Nigeria can pave the way for a healthier and more prosperous nation, where the well-being of its people is truly prioritised.
What are the challenges of providing inclusive health services to Nigerians?
The challenges of providing inclusive health services to Nigerians are multifaceted and intertwined with economic and societal conditions. Limited access to healthcare facilities, especially in rural areas, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and a shortage of skilled healthcare professionals pose significant challenges. Additionally, socioeconomic disparities, including poverty, illiteracy, and gender inequalities, further exacerbate the inequities in accessing health services. These challenges are compounded by the present economic and societal conditions, which include limited funding for the health sector, competing priorities, and a lack of awareness and prioritization of public health issues.
How can these challenges be addressed in light of the present economic and societal conditions?
To address these challenges, it is crucial to prioritise healthcare investment and allocate sufficient resources to strengthen healthcare systems. This includes increasing the number of healthcare facilities, particularly in underserved areas, and ensuring the availability of essential medical supplies and equipment. Investing in the training and retention of healthcare professionals, particularly in rural areas, will help bridge the gap in accessing quality healthcare services. Implementing health insurance schemes and social safety nets can also contribute to making healthcare more affordable and accessible to all Nigerians.
As a country, we are currently battling a lot of health epidemics including drug abuse, cholera, HIV, among many others. What can be done to stem this tide?
In the face of ongoing health epidemics such as drug abuse, cholera, HIV, and others, a comprehensive approach is needed. This includes a combination of preventive measures such as education and awareness campaigns, targeted interventions, and treatment and rehabilitation programmes. Strengthening public health infrastructure, improving disease surveillance systems, and enhancing collaboration between healthcare providers, government agencies, and community-based organisations are essential to effectively stem the tide of these epidemics.
Do these approaches you enumerated also help in combating AMR and zoonotic diseases too?
The approaches mentioned earlier, such as strengthening healthcare systems, promoting health education and awareness, implementing preventive measures, and fostering intersectoral collaboration, are indeed instrumental in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and zoonotic diseases. By emphasising proper antimicrobial stewardship, promoting responsible use of antibiotics, and implementing infection control measures, the spread of AMR can be reduced. Similarly, adopting a One Health approach that recognises the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health is crucial for preventing and managing zoonotic diseases. By addressing the underlying factors and promoting collaboration between relevant sectors, Nigeria can mitigate the risks associated with AMR and zoonotic diseases.
Would you say the world has learnt enough from the COVID-19 pandemic to prepare us for and/or prevent another epidemic?
While the COVID-19 pandemic has provided valuable lessons, it is an ongoing process of learning and adaptation. The world has gained insights into the importance of robust public health systems, early detection and response, international collaboration, and the need for research and development in vaccine development and therapeutics. However, it is vital to continue building upon these lessons, strengthening global health governance, investing in pandemic preparedness, and addressing the systemic vulnerabilities exposed by the pandemic. Ongoing vigilance, investment, and coordination at national and international levels are necessary to prevent and respond effectively to future epidemics.
Couple of weeks ago, you were honoured with the Diana Award for your work on one health approach to combating AMR and infectious diseases. How did you receive such an honour?
Receiving the Diana Award for my work on the One Health approach to combating AMR and infectious diseases was a tremendous honor. It was a recognition of the dedication and impact of my efforts in advocating for a multidisciplinary approach to address pressing global health challenges. I received the honor with gratitude and a renewed commitment to continuing my work in promoting science literacy, raising awareness, and influencing policy in the field of One Health.
I am deeply thankful to the Rouleaux Foundation for their support in enabling my work, along with the various groups and individuals I’ve had the privilege to work with. Receiving the Diana Award is a strong validation of our combined endeavours to address antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and infectious diseases, proving that we are truly making a meaningful impact. This recognition serves as a source of motivation for me to persist in spearheading the fight against these challenges and fostering partnerships to safeguard the well-being of our communities.
How do you think such recognition will influence your work?
Such recognition carries significant weight and influence in amplifying the message and impact of my work. It provides a platform to reach a broader audience, engage with policymakers, and collaborate with like-minded individuals and organisations. The recognition helps validate the importance of the One Health approach and enhances credibility, enabling me to advocate for change more effectively. It inspires me to further expand my efforts, engage in meaningful collaborations, and drive positive impact in the field of microbiology, public health, and One Health.
What’s next for you?
I am committed to continuing my academic and professional journey in microbiology and public health. I will leverage my Erasmus master’s programme, and the valuable experiences and networks I gain from it to further deepen my knowledge and expertise in vaccinology and infectious diseases. I will continue to actively engage in research, advocacy, and outreach activities to address antimicrobial resistance, zoonotic diseases, and other global health challenges through a One Health lens. A primary objective of mine is to actively contribute to the development of strong healthcare systems in Africa. With this aim in mind, I am committed to continue my professional journey to assisting Africa in enhancing its indigenous capabilities for the discovery and manufacturing of vaccines.
In addition to my academic pursuits, I will remain involved in organisations such as the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and the Rouleaux Foundation, leveraging these platforms to contribute to science literacy, mentorship programmes, and policy advocacy. I aim to collaborate with fellow researchers, professionals, and policymakers to drive positive change and promote the integration of One Health principles in healthcare systems and policy making.
Furthermore, I plan to continue publishing scientific articles, participate in conferences, and engage in knowledge exchange to contribute to the global scientific community and disseminate important findings and insights. I aspire to make a meaningful impact in the field of microbiology and public health, fostering collaboration and interdisciplinary approaches to tackle the complex health challenges we face.
How would you compare the level of education between Nigeria and abroad where you’re currently getting additional knowledge?
When comparing the level of education between Nigeria and the abroad where I am currently pursuing additional knowledge, it is important to acknowledge the differences that exist. The educational systems, resources, and opportunities available abroad, especially in well-established institutions, often offer a broader range of academic and research opportunities. The facilities, infrastructure, and access to cutting-edge technologies and expertise can be more advanced.
However, it is essential to recognise that Nigeria also has talented individuals, dedicated educators, and institutions that are striving to provide quality education despite the challenges they face. While there may be disparities in resources and infrastructure, Nigerian universities and educational institutions have produced exceptional graduates who have made significant contributions in various fields.
The pursuit of additional knowledge abroad allows for exposure to diverse perspectives, international collaborations, and access to specialised programmes and resources that may not be as readily available in Nigeria. It offers an opportunity to learn from different academic and research environments, gain global perspectives, and build networks that can be leveraged to drive positive change in Nigeria’s educational and scientific landscape.
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