Africa’s longstanding demand for full representation in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is driven by three key factors: rectifying historical injustices, recognizing the continent’s contributions to global stability, and ensuring the legitimacy of the UN in addressing emerging security threats.
Despite its significant role in world affairs, Africa remains the only continent without a permanent seat on the Council—a situation that undermines the principles of fairness and inclusivity in global governance.
At a recent Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) meeting at the UN Headquarters in New York, Nigeria’s Deputy Speaker, Hon. Benjamin Kalu urged the UN to grant Africa, particularly Nigeria, a permanent seat on the Security Council.
He emphasized that the current global governance structure, dominated by the Global North, continues to sideline the Global South, exacerbating developmental challenges.
Similarly, Nigeria’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Yusuf Maitama Tuggar, has consistently advocated for Africa’s representation, noting that while nearly 60% of UNSC resolutions concern African affairs, the continent has no permanent voice in decision-making.
Even the UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, has acknowledged the need for Africa’s inclusion, stating that the composition of the Security Council remains outdated. The United States has also expressed support for granting Africa two permanent seats—though without veto power.
However, Africa has made it clear that any form of permanent membership without full voting rights would be inadequate, as it would relegate the continent to a second-class status within the UN.
Africa has played a crucial role in shaping the UN. Historically, African nations were instrumental in shifting the UN’s recognition of China in 1971, leading the fight against apartheid, and pushing for Namibia’s independence.
Today, the continent is one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions, with four African nations among the top ten providers of personnel. Additionally, the African Union (AU) oversees multiple peacekeeping efforts across the continent.
Beyond security contributions, Africa’s economic and demographic significance reinforces its case for UNSC representation. The continent is projected to be home to 25% of the global population by 2050, and by the end of the century, it could become the world’s most populous region. Within the UN General Assembly, African nations already hold 28% of the votes, surpassing any other regional bloc.
Africa’s demand for UNSC reform is not merely about historical redress; it is about ensuring that global governance reflects contemporary realities. The UN’s failure to resolve key conflicts and adapt to emerging global challenges—ranging from climate change to artificial intelligence—has undermined its credibility.
Expanding the Security Council’s composition is crucial to restoring legitimacy and effectiveness in global decision-making. As the UN approaches its 100th anniversary in 2045, the question remains: will the Security Council continue to reflect a post-World War II order, or will it evolve to represent the world as it is today?
The inclusion of Africa in the United Nations Security Council is not just an option; it is a necessity for a more just and inclusive international system.
Umar Farouk Bala is a serving NYSC member at PRNigeria Centre, Abuja.
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