Nigeria is on the cusp of a groundbreaking development: the creation of its own forensic DNA database. This initiative comes at a crucial time, as the West African nation grapples with significant security challenges, including the activities of terrorist groups like Boko Haram, rampant banditry, kidnappings, and conflicts between herders and farmers. The incorporation of DNA technology into Nigeria’s security efforts could not be more timely.
A nationwide DNA database offers numerous benefits beyond tracking down perpetrators of crimes. It can also help identify victims of tragic incidents such as auto crashes and fire accidents. For example, in September 2014, the collapse of a building at the Synagogue Church of All Nations, run by the late preacher T.B. Joshua, resulted in the deaths of over 116 people. One of the primary challenges faced by authorities was the identification of the bodies. This incident has spurred increasing efforts to adopt forensic technologies in Nigeria.
At the forefront of developing Nigeria’s DNA database is Dr. Khalid Adekoya, a don and researcher at the prestigious University of Lagos whose lab focuses on genomics, conservation, and environmental management. Initially, Dr. Adekoya’s team concentrated on characterizing the genetic diversity of various plant and animal species using molecular markers. However, in response to the country’s pressing needs, the lab has expanded its projects to include the characterization of morphological and molecular markers to distinguish between different ethnic populations in Nigeria’s highly diverse society.
In recent publications led by Utomobong Akpan and Temitope Awe, significant advancements have been made. They identified that certain markers, known as mini-STRs, are highly polymorphic within the Hausa ethnic group, enabling the distinction between closely related individuals. Furthermore, by comparing fingerprint features among the Yoruba and Igbo ethnic groups, the researchers discovered that specific minutiae patterns are distributed differently between these groups. This finding suggests that fingerprint minutiae patterns can predict an individual’s ethnic group to a certain degree.
The impactful research conducted by Akpan and Awe provides essential foundational data on developing DNA database in Nigeria. This is particularly a useful resource for the newly commissioned Lagos State DNA Forensic center, the first in the West African subregion.
The work of Akpan and Awe extends beyond immediate security benefits. It also holds promise for conservation efforts, helping to preserve Nigeria’s rich biodiversity. By accurately identifying genetic markers across species, this research can aid in environmental management and conservation strategies, ensuring the protection of Nigeria’s natural heritage.
The establishment of a forensic DNA database and the development of advanced forensic capabilities are vital steps for Nigeria. These advancements will not only enhance the country’s ability to tackle crime but also support broader goals of conservation and environmental stewardship. As Nigeria moves forward with these initiatives, the contributions of researchers like Dr. Adekoya and his team members will continue to play a key role in shaping a safer and more secure future for the nation.
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