Scientists reverse brain ageing with simple nasal spray

Scientists have developed an experimental nasal spray that may help reduce brain inflammation and improve memory, offering new hope for tackling age-related cognitive decline.

The research, conducted at the Texas A&M University College of Medicine, suggests that some aspects of brain ageing may be more reversible than previously thought.

As people grow older, low-level inflammation can build up in parts of the brain involved in memory and learning. This process — sometimes called “neuroinflammaging” — has been linked to slower thinking, forgetfulness, and a higher risk of conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.

The study, led by Ashok Shetty along with colleagues Madhu Leelavathi Narayana and Maheedhar Kodali, tested a treatment using tiny biological particles known as extracellular vesicles.

These particles carry microRNAs — molecules that help regulate how genes behave. Delivered through a nasal spray, they can travel directly to the brain, bypassing its usual protective barrier.

Once inside, the treatment appeared to calm inflammation and improve the function of mitochondria, the structures that provide energy to brain cells. This helped support better brain performance.

In the study, subjects that received the spray showed improvements in memory-related tasks, such as recognising familiar objects and responding to changes in their environment. Notably, some benefits appeared within weeks and lasted for months.

The findings were published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles.

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Researchers say the results could eventually lead to new treatments for age-related brain conditions, including dementia, and may even help stroke patients recover lost function.

“Our approach is about supporting healthier brain ageing—keeping people mentally active and engaged as they grow older,” Shetty said.

However, the scientists caution that the research is still at an early stage. More studies, including human trials, are needed to confirm whether the treatment is safe and effective for widespread use.

While the idea of reversing brain ageing remains a long-term goal, this study highlights a promising step towards better understanding — and potentially slowing — the brain’s ageing process.