In recent years, Africa has faced a disturbing trend: a systematic clampdown on civil society organisations (CSOs), trade unions, activists and journalists by various governments across the continent. This growing repression has raised concerns about the erosion of democratic spaces and the suppression of dissent. Recently, from Kenya to Nigeria and Zimbabwe, governments are increasingly targeting those who speak out against socioeconomic hardships and demand better governance, undermining the very principles of democracy they are supposed to uphold. CHRISTIAN APPOLOS writes.
Historical context and current repression
The legacy of Africa’s struggle for liberation is deeply rooted in the tireless efforts of mass-based organisations, trade unions, community associations and activists who fought against colonialism and apartheid. Their sacrifices were monumental, laying the foundation for political, cultural and socioeconomic freedoms. However, despite these significant achievements, the continent now faces new challenges that threaten to undo these hard-won gains.
The African Regional Organisation of the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC-Africa) has voiced concerns over recent developments. The organisation recalls the history of resistance against colonial oppression, emphasising that the fight for justice and freedom was won through immense sacrifice. Yet, today’s struggle appears to have shifted from liberation from external forces to a battle against internal repression.
The repression cases
Kenya: Stifling dissent through accusations
In Kenya, the government has recently accused civil society organisations of conspiring to destabilise the state through the Gen Z movement protests. This accusation, though widely contested, has led to increased scrutiny and harassment of these organisations. The Kenyan government’s response has been to label these organisations as threats to national security, undermining their credibility and ability to operate freely. Such actions not only intimidate civil society but also stifle important debates about governance and socio-economic issues affecting the country.
Nigeria: Criminalising protest and targeting union leaders
In Nigeria, the situation has escalated dramatically. The Nigerian government’s response to the #EndBadGovernance protests that took place from August 1 to 10 has been severe. Government agencies have seized bank accounts and labelled some protestors as persona non grata, accusing them of funding the demonstrations. These punitive measures are part of a broader trend of criminalising activism and dissent.
A particularly alarming development is the recent police intimidation and judicial harassment faced by trade unions, essentially key figures in the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC). Comrade Joe Ajaero, the President of the NLC, has been invited by the police for questioning on allegations of terrorism financing and treason. This invitation comes in the wake of the NLC’s vocal opposition to government policies and its support for the #EndBadGovernance protests.
Adding to the intensity of the situation, Comrade Emmanuel Ugboaja, the General Secretary of the NLC, has also been summoned for questioning. The inclusion of these high-profile union leaders in the police inquiry underscores the government’s attempt to suppress labour activism and intimidate those who challenge its policies. The accusations against Ajaero and Ugboaja are seen by many as politically motivated and aimed at stifling dissent within the labour movement.
Zimbabwe: Paranoia and repression
In Zimbabwe, the situation has become even more alarming. The government’s recent crackdown on CSOs and trade union leaders, allegedly to prevent planned protests during the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Summit, highlights a dangerous state of paranoia. The authorities’ heavy-handed approach includes the abduction and arrest of journalists and activists, often in violation of their legal rights.
This excessive response reflects a broader trend of targeting those who challenge the status quo, further suppressing civil liberties and freedoms. The arrest of journalists, in particular, raises concerns about press freedom and the right to information, both crucial for a healthy democracy.
The ITUC-Africa position
ITUC-Africa has issued a statement strongly condemning these actions and calling for a reassessment of government strategies towards civil society. The organisation argues that supporting citizen participation in governance and facilitating protests are essential components of democracy. Instead of targeting trade unions, CSOs, journalists and activists, governments should address the root causes of public dissatisfaction.
The ITUC-Africa statement emphasises that genuine democratic governance requires open spaces for dialogue and dissent. By repressing civil society, African governments are undermining their own legitimacy and hindering the continent’s progress towards the socioeconomic and political ideals envisioned by the founders of modern Africa.
The broader implications
The repression of these voices in Africa has far-reaching implications for the continent’s democratic health and socioeconomic stability. When governments resort to authoritarian measures to stifle dissent, they not only violate fundamental human rights but also hinder the ability of societies to address pressing issues effectively.
Economic impact
The socioeconomic hardships that drive protests are often exacerbated by government policies and poor governance. By suppressing civil society, governments are effectively avoiding accountability and failing to address the root causes of discontent. This approach can lead to further economic instability, as unaddressed grievances continue to fester and undermine public trust in government institutions.
Social impact
On a social level, the repression of activists and journalists erodes trust in democratic processes and institutions. When people see their voices being silenced and their rights being violated, it diminishes their faith in the system and discourages civic engagement. This disillusionment can have long-term consequences for social cohesion and national unity.
International response
The international community has a crucial role to play in addressing these issues. Advocacy for human rights and democratic principles should be a priority for international organisations and foreign governments. Supporting African trade unions, civil society, journalists and pressuring governments to respect democratic norms is essential for fostering a more inclusive and equitable society.
The role of civil society and democracy
Civil society organisations and labour unions play a vital role in any democracy by providing a platform for citizens to voice their concerns, demand accountability and influence policy decisions. The recent crackdown on these organizations in Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe undermines these democratic functions and erodes the foundation of participatory governance.
For example, labour unions like the NLC are crucial in advocating for workers’ rights and social justice. The intimidation and harassment faced by leaders like Joe Ajaero and Emmanuel Ugboaja are not only attacks on individuals but also on the broader labour movement and its ability to represent the interests of workers. These actions set a dangerous precedent and signal a growing intolerance for dissent within the continent’s labour movements.
Addressing the root causes
To address the underlying issues driving these protests, governments need to take meaningful steps to tackle socioeconomic challenges. This includes addressing the rising cost of living, implementing fair tax policies and reversing harmful austerity measures. By engaging with civil society and responding to public grievances, governments can work towards long-term stability and progress.
For example, in Nigeria, addressing the issues that led to the #EndBadGovernance protests, such as corruption, mismanagement and economic inequality, would be a more effective approach than persecuting activists. Similarly, in Zimbabwe, easing political repression and engaging with dissenting voices could help create a more inclusive and stable political environment.
A call to action
The ongoing clampdowns on civil society organisations, activists and journalists across Africa represent a critical challenge to the continent’s democratic progress and socioeconomic development. ITUC-Africa’s call for governments to respect fundamental freedoms and address underlying socioeconomic issues is a crucial step towards ensuring a more just and equitable society.
African governments must recognise that the suppression of dissent is not a solution to governance challenges but a way to undermine the democratic principles that underpin their legitimacy. By fostering an environment where civil society can operate freely, governments can better address public grievances, enhance accountability and work towards genuine progress.
In solidarity with the people of Kenya, Nigeria, Zimbabwe and other African nations facing similar challenges, ITUC-Africa expresses commitment to advocating for inclusive and participatory governance. It is essential for all stakeholders to support efforts to protect civil liberties and ensure that democratic spaces are preserved for the benefit of all Africans.
Africa’s future depends on its ability to uphold the principles of democracy, human rights and good governance. By addressing these issues and working towards a more inclusive and transparent political landscape, the continent can continue to strive towards the vision of freedom and prosperity that its founders envisioned.
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