Nigeria posts $6.83bn balance of payments surplus in 2024

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has announced a Balance of Payments (BOP) surplus of $6.83 billion for the 2024 financial year, marking a decisive turnaround from deficits of $3.34 billion in 2023 and $3.32 billion in 2022.

This improvement reflects the impact of wide-ranging macroeconomic reforms, stronger trade performance, and renewed investor confidence in Nigeria’s economy.

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The current and capital account recorded a surplus of $17.22 billion in 2024, underpinned by a goods trade surplus of $13.17 billion. Petroleum imports declined by 23.2 percent to $14.06 billion, while non-oil imports fell by 12.6 per cent to $25.74 billion. On the export side, gas exports rose by 48.3 per cent to $8.66 billion, and non-oil exports increased by 24.6 per cent to $7.46 billion.

Remittance inflows remained resilient, with personal remittances rising by 8.9 per cent to $20.93 billion. International Money Transfer Operator (IMTO) inflows surged by 43.5 per cent to $4.73 billion, up from $3.30 billion in 2023, reflecting stronger engagement from the Nigerian diaspora. Official development assistance also rose by 6.2 per cent to $3.37 billion.

A statement signed by Sidi-Ali, Hakama (Mrs.), Ag. Director, Corporate Communications CBN, noted that Nigeria recorded a net acquisition of financial assets totalling $12.12 billion.

Portfolio investment inflows more than doubled, increasing by 106.5 per cent to $13.35 billion, while resident foreign currency holdings grew by $5.41 billion, indicating stronger confidence in domestic economic stability. Although foreign direct investment fell by 42.3 per cent to $1.08 billion, the overall financial account posted notable gains.

The country’s external reserves increased by $6.0 billion to $40.19 billion by year-end 2024, bolstering its external buffer.

Notably, net errors and omissions narrowed significantly by 79.5 per cent to negative $5.10 billion in 2024, down from $24.90 billion in 2023, reflecting substantial improvements in data availability and capture. This represents a major advance in data accuracy, transparency, and overall reporting integrity.

The 2024 BOP surplus highlights the effectiveness of Nigeria’s ongoing reform agenda. The liberalisation and unification of the foreign exchange market, a disciplined monetary policy approach to managing inflation and stabilising the naira, and coordinated fiscal and monetary measures have all contributed to enhanced competitiveness and investor sentiment.

“The positive turnaround in our external finances is evidence of effective policy implementation and our unwavering commitment to macroeconomic stability.

“This surplus marks an important step forward for Nigeria’s economy, benefiting investors, businesses, and everyday Nigerians alike,” the CBN governor said.