Treating kidney stones

I often read of people with Kidney stones which I am told, usually causes a lot of pains. I want to know what causes these stones and how to treat the case.

Fatima (by SMS)

Making small adjustments to your current diet and nutrition plan may go a long way toward preventing kidney stones. Drinking more water is the best way to prevent kidney stones. If you don’t drink enough, your urine output will be low. Low urine output means your urine is more concentrated and less likely to dissolve urine salts that cause stones. Lemonade and orange juice are also good options. They both contain citrate, which may prevent stones from forming.

Try to drink around eight glasses of fluids daily, or enough to pass two liters of urine. If you exercise or sweat a lot, or if you have a history of cystine stones, you’ll need additional fluids. You can tell whether you’re hydrated by looking at the color of your urine — it should be clear or pale yellow. If it’s dark, you need to drink more. The most common type of kidney stone is the calcium oxalate stone, leading many people to believe they should avoid eating calcium. The opposite is true. Low-calcium diets may increase your kidney stone risk and your risk of osteoporosis.

Calcium supplements, however, may increase your risk of stones. Taking calcium supplements with a meal may help reduce that risk. Low-fat milk, low-fat cheese, and low-fat yogurt are all good calcium-rich food options. A high-salt diet increases your risk of calcium kidney stones. According to the Urology Care Foundation, too much salt in the urine prevents calcium from being reabsorbed from the urine to the blood.

This causes high urine calcium, which may lead to kidney stones. Eating less salt helps keep urine calcium levels lower. The lower the urine calcium, the lower the risk of developing kidney stones. To reduce your sodium intake, read food labels carefully. Foods notorious for being high in sodium include: processed foods, such as chips and crackers, canned soups, canned vegetables, lunch meat, condiments, foods that contain monosodium glutamate, foods that contain sodium nitrate, foods that contain sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) To flavor foods without using salt, try fresh herbs or a salt-free, herbal seasoning blend. Some kidney stones are made of oxalate, a natural compound found in foods that binds with calcium in the urine to form kidney stones. Limiting oxalate-rich foods may help prevent the stones from forming.

Foods high in oxalates are: spinach, chocolate, sweet potatoes, coffee, beets, peanuts, rhubarb, soy products and wheat bran. Oxalate and calcium bind together in the digestive tract before reaching the kidneys, so it’s harder for stones to form if you eat high-oxalate foods and calcium-rich foods at the same time. Foods high in animal protein are acidic and may increase urine acid.

High urine acid may cause both uric acid and calcium oxalate kidney stones. You should try to limit or avoid: beef, poultry, fish and pork. Avoid Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) supplementation which may cause kidney stones, especially in men. According to one 2013 study, men who took high doses of vitamin C supplements doubled their risk of forming a kidney stone.

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