Telecommunications has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past few decades, from the early days of hardware-centric 2G networks to the cutting-edge, software-driven 5G Open RAN systems of today. At the heart of this evolution are trailblazers like Ramat Yusuf, whose career has been dedicated to advancing connectivity and innovation in the industry. With a foundation rooted in her undergraduate studies at Bayero University, Kano, where she developed a groundbreaking program to enhance protocol analyzers, Ramat’s passion for problem-solving and efficiency has shaped her trajectory. Her experience spans leading roles at Nokia and NITDA, culminating in her current position as Senior Technical Program Manager at DISH Network.
In this exclusive interview, Ramat shares her insights on the evolution of core network implementations, the challenges and opportunities presented by Open RAN 5G, and the profound impact these advancements have on both operators and end-users. From integrating satellite technologies to deploying seamless 5G connectivity in rural areas, Ramat’s contributions highlight the transformative potential of telecom innovation.
Q: Ramat, you’ve had an extensive career in telecommunications, managing core network implementations across 2G, 3G, 4G, and now DISH’s Open RAN 5G network. How would you describe the evolution of core network implementations over these generations?
A: The evolution from 2G and 3G, 4G networks to 5G Open RAN is monumental. In traditional 2G and 3G networks, core network implementations were hardware-centric and heavily reliant on vendor-specific proprietary systems. These networks were closed ecosystems, meaning the operator had to depend entirely on a single vendor for hardware, software, and maintenance, which limited flexibility and innovation.
2G and 3G were about delivering basic voice and early mobile data services. The focus was on circuit-switched technologies for voice and packet-switched technologies for data. Scaling these networks often required physical upgrades, and they lacked the agility we see today.
By contrast, DISH’s Open RAN 5G network leverages cloud-native, software-defined architecture. It decouples hardware from software, allowing us to source components from multiple vendors and implement cutting-edge features faster. This flexibility not only reduces costs but also enables greater innovation, ensuring that the network can evolve to meet future demands.
Q: What challenges did you face when working on traditional 2G and 3G networks, and how do those compare to challenges in the Open RAN 5G deployment at DISH?
A: One of the primary challenges with traditional networks was scalability and interoperability. Since the infrastructure was vendor-specific, integrating new technologies or expanding the network required significant coordination with the vendor, often resulting in delays and high costs. Network upgrades were cumbersome, involving physical installations and lengthy testing cycles.
In Open RAN 5G, the challenges shift towards ensuring interoperability between diverse vendors and maintaining end-to-end performance in a disaggregated architecture. While Open RAN offers flexibility, it introduces complexity in ensuring that components from different vendors work seamlessly together. At DISH, we’ve overcome this by fostering strong partnerships with vendors and adopting robust testing protocols.
Additionally, deploying 5G involves massive data processing capabilities, requiring extensive cloud infrastructure and real-time orchestration, which demands new skill sets and operational strategies.
Q: Open RAN is often praised for its flexibility. How has this approach influenced the way you manage projects compared to traditional methods?
Ramat Yusuf: Open RAN has completely redefined project management in telecom. In the traditional 2G and 3G projects, the focus was more linear—installing hardware, configuring software, and ensuring network elements aligned with vendor specifications. Project timelines were often rigid due to the dependence on specific vendors.
With Open RAN, the approach is far more dynamic. For instance, at DISH, I managed the integration of LEO and GEO satellites as backhaul for the Open RAN 5G network. This required working with diverse teams across software, cloud infrastructure, and satellite technology, all while maintaining alignment with 3GPP standards. We rely heavily on agile methodologies, ensuring iterative development, continuous testing, and rapid deployment. This flexibility allows us to adapt quickly to changes, whether they’re market-driven or technological advancements.
Q: What are the advantages of Open RAN for operators and end-users?
A: Open RAN brings immense advantages for both operators and end-users. For operators, it reduces dependence on a single vendor, which fosters competition and lowers costs. The disaggregated architecture means we can select best-of-breed solutions for each component of the network. It also enables us to roll out features more rapidly, ensuring we stay ahead of the curve.
For end-users, Open RAN translates into
better service quality and faster innovation. For example, with DISH’s Open RAN 5G network, we’re able to deliver seamless 5G connectivity in rural areas, provide rapid deployment during emergencies, and ensure robust coverage for large-scale events. These capabilities would be far more challenging with traditional, vendor-locked architectures.
Q: Can you share a specific success story from your experience with DISH’s Open RAN 5G network?
A: One of the most rewarding projects was integrating LEO and GEO satellites as backhaul connectivity for Boost Mobile, a brand under DISH. This enabled us to extend 5G coverage to underserved rural areas and support critical use cases like disaster response and large-scale events.
For instance, during a recent sporting event, we used satellite backhaul to establish temporary 5G coverage, ensuring thousands of attendees had uninterrupted access to high-speed internet. This demonstrated the versatility of Open RAN and its ability to quickly adapt to unique requirements.
Another highlight was implementing Direct Roaming Agreements with over 30 international partners. These agreements ensured seamless 5G connectivity for users travelling abroad, showcasing the global interoperability of our Open RAN network.
Q: How do you see the future of telecom evolving with Open RAN and 5G technologies?
A: The future of telecom lies in convergence and scalability. Open RAN, combined with 5G, is paving the way for intelligent networks that are not only faster but also more adaptive. I see a future where networks seamlessly integrate AI and machine learning to optimize performance, predict maintenance needs, and deliver hyper-personalized services.
At the same time, the global expansion of Open RAN will democratize network access, ensuring connectivity for underserved populations and enabling innovative applications like smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and next-generation IoT devices. It’s an exciting time to be in telecom, and I’m thrilled to be contributing to this transformative era.
Q: Lastly, could you share a brief insight into your journey in telecom?
A: My journey in telecom began over a decade ago in Nigeria, where I managed 2G and 3G network implementations. Over the years, I’ve had the privilege of leading diverse projects, from designing 100G DWDM networks to deploying advanced 5G technologies in the U.S. Today, as a Senior Technical Program Manager at DISH Network, I’m at the forefront of deploying Open RAN 5G networks, driving innovation and enabling transformative connectivity solutions.
Telecom has always been about connecting people, and it’s rewarding to know that the work I do has a tangible impact on lives, businesses, and communities around the world.
Q: Ramat, thank you for sharing such valuable insights into the evolution of core networks and your incredible journey in telecom. Is there any final message you’d like to leave for those aspiring to make an impact in this field?
A: Thank you for having me. My advice to aspiring professionals is to embrace continuous learning and adaptability. Telecom is an ever-evolving industry, and staying ahead requires a commitment to exploring new technologies and methodologies. It’s also essential to foster collaboration and open communication—these are key to overcoming challenges and driving innovation. Most importantly, stay passionate about the impact your work can have on people’s lives. Telecom isn’t just about technology; it’s about connecting the world and creating opportunities for everyone.
Q: Thank you, Ramat, for this inspiring conversation. It’s clear that your work has had a profound impact, and we look forward to seeing how you continue to shape the future of telecom.
A: Thank you! It’s been a pleasure discussing this exciting journey and sharing my experiences.
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